Environmental Health Sciences Research Center

University of Iowa College of Public Health

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Betsy Stone, PhD

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Pronouns: she/her/hers

Center Affiliation and Expertise: Co-Director, Pilot Grant Program;  Nanoscience Thematic Area

Research in the Stone group focuses on the advancement of methodology to study the chemical composition of particulate matter in the atmosphere, or aerosols. Aerosols play an important role in regulating global climate by reflecting solar radiation and altering cloud formation and lifetime. Elevated levels of particulate matter also negatively affect human health. The chemistry of aerosols is complex and varies drastically across different regions of the world. Dr. Stone’s research targets the organic fraction of ambient aerosol, which constitutes an average of half of particulate mass and remains the most poorly understood component due to its chemical complexity, variety of sources, and ability to transform in the atmosphere. We develop new methodology to study organic compounds and functional groups in aerosols and apply these techniques to different environmental settings.

 

Publications:

  • Milani, A. M.; Al-Naiema, I. M.; Stone, E. A.; Detection of a secondary organic aerosol tracer derived from personal care products. In press at Atmospheric Environment, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118078.
  • Hughes, D. D.; Christiansen, M.; Milani, A.; Vermeuel, M. P.; Novak, G. A.; Alwe, H. D.; Dickens, A. F.; Pierce, R. B.; Millet, D. B.; Bertram, T. H.; Stanier, C. O.; Stone, E. A.; PM2.5 chemistry, organosulfates, and SOA formation during the 2017 Lake Michigan Ozone Study. Atmospheric Environment, 244, 117939, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117939.
  • Perkins, R.; Vazquez de Vasquez, M.; Beasley, E.; Hill, T.; Stone, E. A.; Allen, H.; DeMott, P.; Relating Structure and Ice Nucleation of Mixed Surfactant Systems Relevant to Sea Spray Aerosol. In press at The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2020, 124, 2, 8806-8821, doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05849.
  • Hasenecz, E.; Jayarathne, T.; Pendergraft, M.; Santander, M.; Mayer, K.; Sauer, J.; Lee, C.; Gibson, W.; Kruse, S.; Malfatti, F.; Prather, K.; Stone, E. A.; Marine bacteria affect saccharide enrichment in sea spray aerosol during a phytoplankton bloom. In press at ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 2020, 4, 9, 1638-1649, doi: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00167.
  • Lee, H.; Wigley, S.; Lee, C.; Or, V.; Hazenecz, E. S.; Stone, E. A.; Grassian, V. H.; Prather, K. A.; Tivanski, A. V.; Physicochemical Mixing State of Sea Spray Aerosols: Morphologies Exhibit Size Dependence. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 2020, 4, 1604-1611, doi: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00153.
  • Saikawa, E.; Wu, Q.; Zhong, M.; Avramov, A.; Ram, K.; Stone, E. A.; Stockwell, C. E.; Jayarathne, T. J.; Panday, A. K.; Yokelson, R. J.; Garbage Burning in South Asia – How important is it to regional air quality? Environmental Science & Technology, 2020, 54, 16, 9928-9938, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02830.
  • Hughes, D. D.; Mampage, C.; Jones, L.; Liu, Z.; Stone, E. A.; Characterization of atmospheric pollen fragments during springtime thunderstorms. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2020, 7, 6, 409-414, doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00213.
  • Stapleton, E. M.; Simmering, J. E.; Manges, R. B.; Chipara, O.; Stone, E. A.; Zabner, J.; Peters, T. M.; Herman, T.; Polgreen, P. M.; Comellas, A. P.; Continuous in-home PM2.5 concentrations of smokers with and without a history of respiratory exacerbations in Iowa, during and after an air purifier intervention. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2020, 30, 778-784, doi: 10.1038/s41370-020-0235-1.
  • Lee, H. D.; Morris, H. S.; Laskina, O.; Sultana, C.; Lee, C.; Jayarathne, T. ; Cox, J.; Wang, X.; Hazenecz, E.; DeMott, P.; Bertram, T. H.; Cappa, C. D.; Stone, E. A.; Prather, K. A. ; Grassian, V. H.; Tivanski, A. V.; Organic Enrichment, Physical Phase State, and Surface Tension Depression of Nascent Core-Shell Sea Spray Aerosols During Two Phytoplankton Blooms. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 2020, 4, 4, 650-660, doi: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00032.
  • Islam, M. R.; Jayarathne, T.; Simpson, I. J.; Werden, B.; Maben, J.; Gilbert, A.; Praveen, P. S.; Adhikari, S.; Panday, A. K.; Rupakheti, M.; Blake, D. R.; Yokelson, R. J.; DeCarlo, P. F.; Keene, W. C.; Stone, E. A.; Ambient air quality in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal during the pre-monsoon: Concentrations and sources of particulate matter and trace gases. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2020, 20, 2927-2951, doi: 10.5194/acp-20-2927-2020.
  • Stapleton, E. M.; Manges, R.; Parker, G.; Stone, E. A.; Peters, T. M.; Blount, R. J.; Noriega, J.; Li, X.; Zabner, J.; Polgreen, P. M.; Chipara, O.; Herman, T.; Comellas, A. P.; Indoor particulate matter from smoker homes induces bacterial growth, biofilm formation and impairs airway antimicrobial activity. A pilot study. Frontiers in Public Health, 2020, 2, 418, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00418.
  • Al-Naiema, I. M.; Offenberg, J.; Lewandowski, M.; Madler, C. J.; Kettler, J.; Fang, T.; Stone, E. A.; Secondary organic aerosols from aromatic hydrocarbons and their contribution to fine particulate matter in Atlanta, Georgia. Atmospheric Environment, 2020, 223, 117227, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117227.
  • Vermeul, M. P.; Novak, G. A.; Alwe, H. D.; Hughes, D. D.; Kaleel, R.; Dickens, A. F.; Kenski, D.; Czarnetzki, A.; Stone, E. A.; Stanier, C. O.; Pierce, R. B.; Millet, D. B.; Bertram, T. H.; Sensitivity of Ozone Production to NOx and VOC along the Lake Michigan Coastline. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, 2019, 124, doi:10.1029/2019JD030842.
  • Parker, G. J.; Ong, C. H.; Manges, R. B.; Stapleton, E. M.; Comellas, A.; Peters, T. M.; Stone, E. A.; A novel method of collecting and chemically char of airborne indoor particulate matter. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2019, 19, 11, 2387-2395, doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2019.04.0182.
  • Hasenecz, E.; Kaluarachchi, C. P.; Lee, H.; Tivanski, A. V.; Stone, E. A.; Saccharide Transfer to Sea Spray Aerosol Enhanced by Surface Activity, Calcium, and Protein Interactions. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 2019, 3, 11, 2539-2548, doi: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00197.
  • Zhong, M.; Saikawa, E.; Avramov, A.; Chen, C.; Sun, J.; Ye, W.; Ye, W.; Keene, W. C.; Yokelson, R. J.; Jayarathne, T.; Stone, E. A.; Rupakheti, M.; Panday, A. K.; Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): Emissions of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide from vehicles and brick kilns and their impacts on air quality in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2019, 19, 8209-8228, doi: 10.5194/acp-19-8209-2019.
  • Wu, G.; Ram, K.; Fu, P.; Wang, W.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, X.; Stone, E. A.; Pradhan, B. B.; Dangol, P. M.; Panday, A. K.; Wan, X.; Bai, Z.; Kang, S.; Zhang, Q.; Cong, Z.; Water-Soluble Brown Carbon in Atmospheric Aerosols from Godavari (Nepal), a Regional Representative of South Asia. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53, 7, 3471-3479, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00596.
  • Chen, Y.; Xu, L.; Humphry, T.; Hettiyadura, A. P. S. ; Ovadnevaite, J .; Huang, S.; Poulain, L.; Schroder, J. C.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Jimenez, J. L.; Hermann, H.; O’Dowd, C.; Stone, E. A.; Ng, N. L.; Response of Aerosol Mass Spectrometer to Inorganic Sulfates and Organosulfur Compounds and Applications in Field and Laboratory Measurements. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53, 9, 5176-5186, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00884.
  • Lee, H.; Kaluarachchi, C. P.; Hasenecz, E. S. ; Zhu, Z.; Popa, E.; Stone, E. A.; Tivanski, A. V.; Effect of dry or wet substrate deposition on the organic volume fraction of core-shell aerosol particles. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2019, 12, 2033-2041, doi: 10.5194/amt-12-2033-2019.
  • Hughes, D.; Stone, E. A.; “Organosulfates in the Midwestern United States: Abundance, composition, and stability.” Environmental Chemistry, doi:10.1071/EN18260
  • Hettiyadura, A. P. S. ; Al-Naiema, I. M. J.; Hughes, D.; Fang, T.; Stone, E. A.; “Organosulfates in Atlanta, Georgia: Anthropogenic influences on biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2019, 19, 3191-3206, doi: 10.5194/acp-19-3191-2019.
  • Lee, H.; Kaluarachchi, C. P.; Hasenecz, E. S. ; Zhu, Z.; Popa, E.; Stone, E. A.; Tivanski, A. V. “Effect of dry or wet substrate deposition on the organic volume fraction of core-shell aerosol particles” Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2019, 12, 2033-2041,doi: 10.5194/amt-12-2033-2019.
  • Schill, S. R.; Burrows, S. M.; Hasenecz, E. S.; Stone, E. A.; Bertram, T. H.; “The impact of divalent cations on the enrichment of soluble saccharides in primary sea-spray aerosol.” Atmosphere. 2018, 9(12), 476, 10.3390/atmos9120476.
  • Al-Naiema, I. M.; Hettiyadura, A. P. S.; Wallace, H. W.; Sanchez, N. P.; Madler, C. J.; Cevik, B. K.; Bui, A.; Kettler, J.; Griffin, R. J.; Stone, E. A.; “Source apportionment of fine particulate matter in Houston, Texas: Insights to secondary organic aerosols” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 18, 15601-15622, doi:10.5194/acp-18-15601-2018.
  • Khan, Z. Y.; Kettler, J.; Khwaja, H. A.; Naqvi, I. I.; Malik, A.; Stone, E. A.; Organic Aerosol Characterization and Source Identification in Karachi, Pakistan, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 18 (10), 2550-2564, 10.4209/aaqr.2017.12.0579
  • Hettiyadura, A. P. S.; Xu, L.; Jayarathne, T. ; Skog, K.; Guo, H.; Weber, R. J.; Nenes, A.; Keutsch, F.; Ng. N. L.; Stone, E. A.; Source Apportionment of Organic Carbon in Centreville, AL using Organosulfates in Organic Tracer-based Positive Matrix Factorization, Atmospheric Environment, 2018, 186, 74-88, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.05.007
  • Al-Naiema, I.; Wang, Y.-Q.; Zhang, Y.-X.; Sheesley, R. J.; Stone, E. A.; Source apportionment of fine particulate matter organic carbon in Shenzhen, China by chemical mass balance and radiocarbon methods, Environmental Pollution, 2018, 240, 34-43, doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.071.
  • T. Jayarathne; C. E. Stockwell; Gilbert, A.; Daugherty, K.; M. A. Cochrane; K. C. Ryan; E. I. Putra; B. H. Saharjo; A. D. Nurhayati; I. Albar; R. J. Yokelson; E. A. Stone; Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, during the 2015 El Niño Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 4, 2585-2600, doi: 10.5194/acp-18-2585-2018.
  • Bertram, T.; Cochran, R. E.; Grassian, V. H.; Stone, E. A.; Sea Spray Aerosol Chemical Composition: Elemental and Molecular Mimics for Laboratory Studies of Heterogeneous and Multiphase Reactions. Chemical Society Reviews, 2018, doi: 10.1039/C7CS00008A.
  • Jayarathne, T., Stockwell, C. E., Bhave, P. V., Rathnayake, C.M., Islam, M.R., Praveen, P.S., Panday, A. K., Adhikari, S., Maharjan, R., Goetz, J.D., DeCarlo, P. F., Saikawa, E., Yokelson, R. J., & Stone, E. A. Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): Emissions of particulate matter from wood and dung cooking fires, brick kilns, generators, trash and crop residue burning. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 18, 2259-2286, doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2259-2018.
  • Cochran, R. E.; Laskina, O.; Trueblood, J.; Estillore, A.; Morris, H. S.; Jayarathne, T.; Sultana, C.; Lee, C.; Lin, P.; Laskin, J.; Laskin, A.; Dowling, J.; Qin, Z.; Cappa, C. D.; Bertram, T. H.; Tivanski, A. V.; Stone, E. A.; Prather, K. A.; Grassian, V. H.; Molecular Characterization of Sea Spray Particles: Influence of Ocean Biology on Particle Composition and Interaction with Water. Chem 2017, 2, 655-667, doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.03.007.
  • Rathnayake, C.; Kettler, J.; Metwali, N.; Jayarathne, T.; Huang, Y.; Thorne, P.; O’Shaughnessy, P.; Stone, E. A.; Influence of Rain on the Abundance of Bioaerosols in Fine and Coarse Particles Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017, 17, 2459-2475, doi:10.5194/acp-17-2459-2017.
  • Al-Naiema, I.; Stone, E. A.; Evaluation of Anthropogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol Tracers from Aromatic Hydrocarbons Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017, 17, 2053-2065, doi: 0.5194/acp-17-2053-2017
  • Al-Naiema, I.; Roppo, H.; Stone, E. A. Quantification furandiones in ambient aerosol Atmospheric Environment, 2017, 153, 41-46, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.01.002.
  • Hettiyadura, A. P. S.; Jayarathne, T.; Baumann, K.; Goldstein, A. H.; de Gouw, J. A.; Keutsch, F. N.; Skog, K.; Stone, E. A.; Qualitative and quantitative analysis of atmospheric organosulfates in Centreville, Alabama. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017, 17, 1342-1359, doi: 10.5194/acp-17-1343-2017.
  • Jayarathne, T.; Sultana, C.; Lee, C.; Malfatti, F.; Cox, J. L.; Pendergraft, M. A. ; Moore, K. A.; Azam, F.; Tivanski, A. V.; Cappa, C. D.; Bertram, T. H.; Grassian, V. H.; Prather, K. A.; Stone, E. A.; Enrichment of Saccharides and Salts in Sea Spray Aerosol During two Phytoplankton Blooms. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50 (21) pp 11511-11520, doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b02988.
  • Gosselin, M.I.; Rathnayake, C. M.; Crawford , I.; Pöhlker, C.; Fröhlich-Nowoisky; J., Schmer; B., Després, V.; Engling, G.; Gallagher, M.; Stone, E. A.; Pöschl, U.; Huffman, J. A. Fluorescent Bioaerosol Particle, Molecular Tracer, and Fungal Spore Concentrations during Dry and Rainy Periods in a Semi-Arid Forest Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016, 15165-15184, doi:10.5194/acp-16-15165-2016.
  • C. E. Stockwell; T. Jayarathne; M. A. Cochrane; K. C. Ryan; E. I. Putra; B. H. Saharjo; A. D. Nurhayati; I. Albar; D. R. Blake; I. Simpson; E. A. Stone; R. J. Yokelson; Field measurements of trace gases and aerosols emitted by peat fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia during the 2015 El Niño Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016, 16, 11711-11732, 10.5194/acp-16-11711-2016.
  • C. E. Stockwell, T. J. Christian, J. D. Goetz, T. Jayarathne, P. V. Bhave, S. Adhikari, P. S. Praveen, R. Maharjan, P. F. DeCarlo, E. A. Stone, E. Saikawa, D. R. Blake, I. Simpson, R. J. Yokelson, A. K. Panday; Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): Emissions of trace gases and light-absorbing carbon from wood and dung cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016, 16, 11043-11081, doi:10.5194/acp-16-11043-2016
  • Rathnayake, C.; Metwali, N.; Baker, Z.; Jayarathne, T.; Thorne, P.; O’Shaughnessy, P., Stone, E. A.; Urban enhancements of bioaerosols in the Midwestern United States. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, 2016, 121 (9), 5071-5089, doi:10.1002/2015JD024538.
  • Cochran, R. E. ; Jayarathne, T. J.; Stone, E. A.; Grassian, V. H.; Selectivity across the interface: A test of surface activity in the composition of organic enriched aerosols from bubble bursting. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2016, 7, 1692-1696, doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00489
  • Estillore, A. D.; Qin, Z.; Hettiyadura, A. P. S.; Humphrey, T.; Stone, E. A.; Grassian, V. H.; Deliquescence and hygroscopic growth of organosulfates. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50 (8) 4259-4268, doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b05014.
  • ​Cochran, R. E.; Laskina, O.; Jayarathne, T.; Laskin, A.; Laskin, J.; Lin, P.; Sultana, C.; Cappa, C. D.; Bertram, T. H.; Prather, K.; Grassian, V. H.; Stone, E. A. Characterization of anionic surfactants in fine and coarse fractions of nascent sea spray aerosol. 2016, 50 (5), 2477-2486, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04053.
  • Jayarathne, T.; Rathnayake, C. M.; Stone, E. A. Local impacts on primary and secondary aerosols in the Midwestern United States. Atmospheric Environment, 2016, 130, 74-83, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.058.
  • Al Naiema, I., Mudukotuwa, I.; Estillore, A.; Grassian, V. H., Stone, E. A. “Impacts of Co-firing Biomass on Emissions of Particulate Matter to the Atmosphere” Fuel, 2015 162, 111-120, doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.08.054.
  • Hettiyadura, A. P. S.; Stone, E. A.; Kundu, S.; Baker, Z.; Geddes, E.; Richards, K.; Humphry, T. “Determination of atmospheric organosulfates using HILIC chromatography with MS detection” Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2015, 8, 2347-2358. doi:10.5194/amt-8-2347-2015
  • Downard, J.; Singh, A.; Bullard, R.; Jayarathne, T.; Rathnayake, C. M.; Simmons, D. L.; Wels, B. R.; Spak, S. N.; Peters, T.; Beardsley, D.; Stanier, C. O.; Stone, E. A. “Uncontrolled combustion of shredded tires in a landfill – Part 1: Characterization of gaseous and particulate emissions” Atmospheric Environment, 2015, 104, 195-204. doi: 10.1016.j.atmosenv.2014.12.059
  • Singh, A.; Spak, S. N.; Stone, E. A.; Downard, J.; Bullard, R.; Pooley, M.; Kostle, P. A.; Mainprize, M. W.; Wichman, M. D.; Peters, T.; Beardsley, D.; Stanier, C. O. “Uncontrolled combustion of shredded tires in a landfill ‐ Part 2: Population Exposure, Public Health Response, and an Air Quality Index for Urban Fires” Atmospheric Environment, 2015, 104, 273-283. doi: 10.1016.j.atmosenv.2015.01.002
  • Laskina, O.; Morris, H. S.; Grandquist, J. R.; Qin, Z.; Stone, E. A.; Tivanski, A. V.; Grassian, V. H. “Size Matters in the Water Uptake and Hygroscopic Growth of Atmospherically Relevant Multi-Component Aerosol Particles” Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2015, doi: 10.1021/jp510268p
  • Jayarathne, T.; Stockwell, C. E.; Yokelson, R. J.; Nakao, S., Stone, E. A. “Emissions of fine particle fluoride from biomass burning” Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 48 (21): 12636-12644. doi: 10.1021/es502933
  • Staudt, S.; Kundu, S.; He, X.; Lehmler, H.; Lin, Y.; Cui, T.; Kristensen, K.; Glasius, M.; Zhang, X.; Weber, R.J.; Surratt, J.D., Stone, E. A. “Aromatic organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols: synthesis, characterization, and abundance” Atmospheric Environment, 2014, 94, 366-373. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.049
  • Kundu, S; Stone, E. A. “Composition and sources of fine particulate matter across urban and rural sites in the Midwestern United States” Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 2014, 16 (6), 1360 – 1370. doi: 10.1039/C3EM00719G
  • Kundu, S.; Quraishi, T.; Yu, G.; Suarez, C.; Keutsch, F.; Stone, E. A. “Evidence and Quantitation of Aromatic Organosulfates in Ambient Aerosols in Lahore Pakistan Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 13: 4865-4875.
  • Stone, E. A; Nguyen, T.T.; Pradhan B. B.; Dangol, P. M., Assessment of biogenic secondary organic aerosol in the Himalayas. Environmental Chemistry, 2012, 9, 263-272, invited manuscript.
  • Stone, E. A.; Yang, L.M.; Yu, L.E.; Rupahketi, M., Characterization of Organosulfates in Atmospheric Aerosols at Four Asian Locations, Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 47, 323-329.